1. What is the difference between refraction and reflection?
Answer: Refraction occurs when light bends as it passes through a medium with a different refractive index, while reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface.
2. What is the formula for the period of a spring mass system?
Answer: The formula for the period (T) of a spring mass system is T = 2Ï€√(m/k), where m is the mass and k is the spring constant.
3. What is the difference between a cathode ray and a beta particle?
Answer: A cathode ray is a beam of electrons, while a beta particle is a high-energy electron or positron emitted by a radioactive nucleus.
4. What is the formula for the efficiency of a machine?
Answer: The formula for the efficiency (η) of a machine is η = Wout/Win, where Wout is the output work and Win is the input work.
5. What is the difference between a mechanical wave and an electromagnetic wave?
Answer: A mechanical wave requires a medium to propagate, while an electromagnetic wave can propagate through a vacuum.
6. What is the formula for the force of friction?
Answer: The formula for the force of friction (f) is f = μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force.
7. What is the difference between a black hole and a neutron star?
Answer: A black hole is a region of space with an extremely high gravitational field from which no matter or radiation can escape, while a neutron star is a very dense remnant of a supernova explosion.
8. What is the formula for the period of a rotating object?
Answer: The formula for the period (T) of a rotating object is T = 2Ï€r/v, where r is the radius and v is the tangential velocity.
9. What is the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity?
Answer: A scalar quantity has magnitude only, while a vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.
10. What is the formula for the work done by a force?
Answer: The formula for the work done by a force (W) is W = Fd cos θ, where F is the magnitude of the force, d is the displacement, and θ is the angle between the force and the displacement vectors.
11. What is the difference between a converging lens and a diverging lens?
Answer: A converging lens is thicker at the center and causes light rays to converge, while a diverging lens is thinner at the center and causes light rays to diverge.
12. What is the formula for Ohm's Law?
Answer: The formula for Ohm's Law is V = IR, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance.
13. What is the difference between a cyclotron and a synchrotron?
Answer: A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses a magnetic field to accelerate charged particles in a spiral path, while a synchrotron is a larger and more powerful type of particle accelerator that uses radiofrequency cavities to accelerate particles in a circular path.
14. What is the formula for kinetic energy?
Answer: The formula for kinetic energy (KE) is KE = 1/2mv^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
15. What is the difference between an alpha particle and a gamma ray?
Answer: An alpha particle is a particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons, while a gamma ray is a high-energy electromagnetic wave.
16. What is the formula for the force of gravity between two objects?
Answer: The formula for the force of gravity (F) between two objects is F = Gm1m2/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers of mass.
17. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
Answer: Potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position or configuration, while kinetic energy is the energy that an object has due to its motion.
18. What is the formula for the total resistance of resistors in series?
Answer: The formula for the total resistance (R) of resistors in series is R = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn, where R1, R2, ... , Rn are the individual resistances.
19. What is the difference between a parallel circuit and a series circuit?
Answer: In a parallel circuit, the components are connected across multiple paths, while in a series circuit, the components are connected end-to-end in a single path.
20. What is the formula for the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Answer: The formula for the force (F) on a charged particle in a magnetic field is F = qvB sin θ, where q is the charge of the particle, v is its velocity, B is the magnetic field strength, and θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field vectors.
14. What is the formula for kinetic energy?
Answer: The formula for kinetic energy (KE) is KE = 1/2mv^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
15. What is the difference between an alpha particle and a gamma ray?
Answer: An alpha particle is a particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons, while a gamma ray is a high-energy electromagnetic wave.
16. What is the formula for the force of gravity between two objects?
Answer: The formula for the force of gravity (F) between two objects is F = Gm1m2/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers of mass.
17. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
Answer: Potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position or configuration, while kinetic energy is the energy that an object has due to its motion.
18. What is the formula for the total resistance of resistors in series?
Answer: The formula for the total resistance (R) of resistors in series is R = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn, where R1, R2, ... , Rn are the individual resistances.
19. What is the difference between a parallel circuit and a series circuit?
Answer: In a parallel circuit, the components are connected across multiple paths, while in a series circuit, the components are connected end-to-end in a single path.
20. What is the formula for the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field?
Answer: The formula for the force (F) on a charged particle in a magnetic field is F = qvB sin θ, where q is the charge of the particle, v is its velocity, B is the magnetic field strength, and θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field vectors.
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